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Honeywell 50250 On Sale

The state of the economy may be out of people’s hands, but their happiness isn’t, according to a group of researchers meeting at an international conference on happiness this week.

Experts from fields ranging from neuroscience and philosophy to psychology and theology will gather to discuss the latest insights on living happier lives at the meeting in Sydney, Australia.

Drawn to workshops with titles like The Architecture of Sustainable Happiness and Practical Tools for Positive Relationships, more than 2,000 participants are expected to attend the conference.

The pursuit of happiness has been considered through the ages, but interest has grown in recent years amid a growing number of studies that suggest it is possible to improve your well being, researchers say.

Over the last decade, studies have shown that people who think optimistically and have strong relationships tend to be happier, they say.

With the recession and extra challenges people are facing today, tools for learning how to remain happy or cope with hard economic times may be particularly relevant.

See the world’s happiest nations »

“A lot of people want to be happier. They want to know what they can do, and they want to learn scientifically-supported techniques,” Sonja Lyubomirsky, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, tells CNN.

Lyubomirsky, who will lead the workshop on lasting happiness, argues that while genetic and environmental factors play a role in determining happiness, individuals can employ strategies to increase their capacity for happiness.

The two-day conference which starts Thursday is just a small slice of the flourishing happiness business.

While there are no estimates on its size, the broader U.S. self-help market — which encompasses wellness programs, books and holistic training — exceeds $11 billion and is forecast to grow an average 6% annually over the next three years, according to Marketdata Enterprises.

Learning how to be happy doesn’t come cheaply. The Happiness and Its Causes conference costs about $680, excluding workshops. Attendance at the event this year is expected to be at close to 2,100, down from 2,500 last year.

But participation has swelled since the first event in 2005, which drew about 300 participants, says Cara Anderson of the non-profit World Happiness Forum, organizer of the conference. The meeting received a particularly big boost after the Dalai Lama participated in 2007.

At the conference, participants will explore a vast range of topics, from the latest scientific findings on brain plasticity and positive thinking to more spiritual endeavors such as cultivating contentment and awakening the spirit. There will also be no shortage of opportunities to buy books, DVDs and other materials.

What do you think is the key to happiness? Tell us in the SoundOff box below or send us an iReport

The meeting tends to attract members of the caring industry, including social workers and mental health professionals, as well as educators and the general public, according to Anderson.

There’s also been rising interest among human resource managers and companies looking to boost morale in the workplace, she says.

That echoes the trend seen by Tim Sharp, a clinical psychologist based in Sydney who is the founder of The Happiness Institute, which runs positive coaching and courses for individuals and organizations.

“Rather than just wanting to boost happiness, people want to build resilience to get through difficult times,” Sharp, who will lead a panel on happiness at work at the upcoming conference, told CNN.

While anxiety about financial matters may be on the rise, past research suggests overall happiness is not correlated to economic well being, according to Ruut Veenhoven, director of the World Database of Happiness, which documents research findings on the enjoyment of life. See where people are the happiest »

Veenhoven, who is also editor of the Journal of Happiness Studies and professor at Erasmus University Rotterdam in the Netherlands, studied the impact of the 1980-1982 recession on happiness levels in Western European nations.

He says that while worries about money matters did rise, average levels of happiness were not significantly affected. “The general conclusion was that economic ups and downs don’t really affect overall happiness in rich countries,” he says

There’s been an upsurge in the number of researchers studying happiness since he first started working in the field in the 1960s, says Veenhoven, who isn’t involved in the upcoming conference.

The big trend is that people are getting happier, he says. “We know that most people are happy, so people know happiness is possible and more or less in their own hands.”

Patents on two human genes linked to breast and ovarian cancers are being challenged in court by the American Civil Liberties Union, which argues that patenting pure genes is unconstitutional and hinders research for a cancer cure.

“Knowledge about our own bodies and the ability to make decisions about our health care are some of our most personal and fundamental rights,” said ACLU Executive Director Anthony D. Romero. “The government should not be granting private entities control over something as personal and basic to who we are as our genes.”

The ACLU, joined by Yeshiva University’s law school, filed the lawsuit Tuesday in U.S. District Court in southern New York against the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Utah-based Myriad Genetics and the University of Utah Research Foundation.

Myriad and the research foundation hold patents on the pair of genes — known as BRCA1 and BRCA2 — that are responsible for many cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.

The ACLU contends that patenting the genes limits research and the free flow of information, and as a result violates the First Amendment. The lawsuit also challenges genetic patenting in general, noting that about 20 percent of all human genes are patented — including genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, muscular dystrophy and asthma.

“It is absolutely our intent that upon victory this will rend invalid patents on many other genes,” said Dan Ravicher, executive director of the Public Patent Foundation and a patent law professor at Yeshiva University’s Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. “We just had to pick one case as our case.”

Ravicher offered an analogy to describe the plaintiffs’ argument, saying, “It’s like saying if someone removes your eyeball … just because you remove the eyeball and wash it off, that doesn’t make the eyeball patentable.

“Now if they create another eyeball out of plastic or metal, then you can patent that.”

Officials at Myriad declined to comment. Tom Parks, the president of the University of Utah foundation, said he was not aware of the lawsuit.

More than 192,000 U.S. women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year — about 5 to 10 percent of those cases have a hereditary form of the disease, according to the National Cancer Institute. Mutation in the genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2 — short for breast cancer 1 and breast cancer 2 — are involved in many cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, the institute said.

“A woman’s lifetime chance of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer is greatly increased if she inherits an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,” according to the institute.

Myriad’s patents give it exclusive right to perform diagnostic tests on the genes — forcing other researchers to request permission from the company before they can take a look at BRCA1 and BRCA2, the ACLU said. The patents also give the company the rights to future mutations on the BRCA2 gene and the power to exclude others from providing genetic testing.

The company also charged $3,000 a test, possibly keeping some women from seeking preventive genetic testing, the ACLU says.

“Women whose doctors recommend genetic testing should be able to find out whether they have the gene mutations linked to breast and ovarian cancer so that they are able to make choices that could save their lives, and these patents interfere with their ability to do so,” said Lenora Lapidus, director of ACLU’s Women’s Rights Project.

The plaintiffs in the lawsuit include several patients and more than a dozen universities, genetic specialists and medical associations, such as the Association for Molecular Pathology and the American College of Medical Genetics.

At least one expert said the ACLU should focus more on getting the patents reversed than arguing whether they are constitutional.

“I doubt they’re going to get far with argument that the patent is unconstitutional,” said Arthur Caplan, director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania.

“A better argument would be that they were wrong when they granted the patent,” he added referring to the patent office.

Caplan said patents are privileges, not “carved in stone.” He noted that the defendants may have identified the genes, but didn’t actually work on them. So, the government could reverse the patents on the genes.

“It’s like trying to patent the moon,” he said. “You didn’t do anything to create it, just discovered something that already existed. You can’t patent things that are publicly available, that anyone can find. You have to create something, make something, do something with the thing.”

Chicken & Garbanzo Bean Soup

With a light licorice flavor and celery-like texture, fennel melds with the marjoram and thyme in this hearty soup.

Tip: Look for firm, smooth fennel bulbs without cracks and brown spots. Stalks should be crisp and leaves a bright green color.

These veggie-filled rectangles are an easy way to fix eggs for a crowd. And with only 84 calories and 2 grams of fat each, they’re a healthful way to start the day.

Salt-and-Pepper Chips

Skip those high-fat, high-sodium store-bought chips and replace them with these easy-to-fix fat-free ones.

These mouthwatering heart-healthy rmethod prove that you don’t have to give up taste when you eat healthfully. And with just 3 grams of fat or less per serving, you won’t feel guilty either.

Mini Spinach Calzones

At only 56 calories each, these petite calzones are perfect as appetizers. Or choose a few and make a meal out of them.

Hold a tennis ball in your fist. Imagine it’s your heart (it’s about the same size). Now squeeze the ball hard to mimic the contractions your heart performs to pump blood through your circulatory system 60 times every minute.

Repeat 100,000 times.

That’s how often your heart expands and contracts in just one day. Blood flows into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle, which sends blood to the lungs to add oxygen and purge waste. After a trip through the left atrium and the left ventricle, blood continues through the body to the liver and kidneys, where waste products are filtered. The ba-bum or lub-dub sounds are valves opening and closing to prevent circulatory backwash.
When everything’s working correctly, the heart is one powerful machine. Unfortunately, some ailments, genetic conditions, or too many doughnuts can throw a wrench into that finely tuned engine. Here, Christopher B. Granger, M.D., a cardiologist at Duke University School of Medicine, explains the most common ways hearts break, why they do, and how you can prevent it.

Blood Clot

Blood Clot

Cause: Plaque that has built up along artery walls breaks away because of a rupture, stress, or inflammation. These pieces of plaque (clots) enter the bloodstream.

Prevention: Lower the amount of cholesterol in your diet, exercise, and don’t smoke. If you have an elevated cholesterol level, treat it with medication.

If untreated: Clots can stop blood flow, which can cause a heart attack. Even if there is no heart stoppage, clots can lead to heart disease.

Remedies: Blood thinners, such as low-dose aspirin or the drugs warfarin (sold as Coumadin) and Heparin, help prevent clots from forming.

Cutting edge: Anti-inflammatory drugs that will reduce the likelihood of clots continue to be on the horizon. Cardiologists have found that the sooner a clogged artery is opened, the better, so they’re acting as quickly as they can in emergency-room situations.

Arrhythmia
Cause: The heart beats out of its normal rhythmic pattern, resulting in a fluttering feeling in the chest. With this abnormal pumping, there is decreased blood flow to the body, causing you to feel lightheaded or even pass out.

Prevention: Some factors, such as age and genetics, are beyond your control. However, reducing exposure to cigarette smoke may help.

If untreated: Skipping a heartbeat from time to time is almost universal, but atrial fibrillation can increase your risk of stroke.

Remedies: You may be able to control arrhythmia by avoiding stimulants, such as caffeine, and eating more healthfully. However, those with more severe arrhythmia often require medications and surgery.

Cutting edge: Advances in treatment include ablation procedures, which deaden parts of the heart to allow the electrical current to flow more correctly.

Mitral Valve Prolapse
Cause: The heart’s mitral valve, which is between the left atrium and left ventricle, swells and doesn’t close properly, possibly allowing blood to flow backward. This condition is more common in younger and middle-age women. Some have no symptoms, but others may feel dizziness and fatigue or experience shortness of breath, chest pain, or an irregular heartbeat.

Prevention: Primarily a genetic condition, there’s no prevention. Your doctor may detect prolapse if she hears a clicking sound while listening to your heart through a stethoscope. That click is the valve expanding as it moves.

If untreated: For many, there is no need for treatment. Those with the condition should let their doctors know before any surgery.

Remedies: Take beta-blocking drugs, or undergo surgery to repair or replace the valve.

Cutting edge: Some heart centers are using minimally invasive procedures that involve sliding a catheter up through the leg and into the heart to insert a metal clip that closes the mitral valve.

High Blood Pressure
Cause: Obesity, diabetes, smoking, and genetic factors may contribute to an increase in blood pressure (the force exerted on your blood vessel walls as blood flows through them). Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg.

Prevention: Don’t smoke and if you have diabetes, make every effort to keep it under control. Focus on a diet rich in fruits and vegetables while reducing your sodium intake and alcohol consumption.

If untreated: Your heart pumps against the higher level of pressure, causing it to weaken, potentially leading to a heart attack and/or stroke.

Remedies: Reduce salt intake, control weight, stop smoking, exercise most days of the week for 30 minutes, and meditate. If those measures don’t work, talk with your doctor about prescription medication.

Cutting edge: New devices that monitor blood pressure are now being developed. They activate the body’s natural responses to rising pressure.

Cardiomyopathy
Cause: The heart’s ability to send blood through the circulatory system is impaired. There are three different types—dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. In dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart’s left ventricle, the main pumping chamber, becomes enlarged and is less able to function. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle thickens, decreasing the organ’s ability to move blood. And in restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes rigid and less flexible.

Prevention: Controlling high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight may help, but unfortunately, there’s no direct way to prevent cardiomyopathy.

If untreated: Half of those who have this condition die within five years.

Remedies: Medication, an implantable defibrillator, and a special kind of pacemaker that assists the heart in contracting can help. Medications also can improve symptoms and manage excessive fluid buildup.

Cutting edge: Stem cell therapy holds promise in helping regenerate damaged heart muscle cells.

Congestive Heart Failure
Cause: The heart stops pumping because the heart muscles have been weakened by a previous attack, virus, or high blood pressure. Diabetes or alcohol consumption often aggravates the situation.

Prevention: Slim down. Weighing more than you should will contribute to your risk for congestive heart failure. Exercise for 30 minutes three times a week, making sure you get your heart rate up.

If untreated: Half the people diagnosed with congestive heart failure die within five years.

Remedies: Exercise, along with medications such as beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, can make a difference.

Cutting edge: Stem cell therapy eventually may lead to treatments for congestive heart failure. Studies also have been done to see whether bone marrow cells can be injected into heart muscle to reinvigorate damaged muscle.

Pericarditis
Cause: A virus, bad cold, flu, or other illness may inflame, or swell, the pericardium (the tissue that lines the heart). With temporary pericarditis, the swelling disappears on its own as the illness retreats. Chronic pericarditis may be caused by other ailments, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Prevention: Like the common cold, this type of swelling can’t be prevented.

If untreated: Sometimes the condition gets better on its own in a week or two.

Remedies: Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, can help ease the pain. If diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the heart, you may need a biopsy—a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the surrounding area—to determine the type of bacteria causing the problem. Then your doctor can prescribe an appropriate antibiotic. Sometimes steroids are used for severe attacks.

Cutting edge: In some cases, surgery may be required to remove the pericardium if it has become increasingly stiff.

Artery Spasm
Cause: A genetic condition, increased adrenal activity, or smoking can cause the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart to involuntarily contract, decreasing the blood flow. Usually spasms occur when the heart is at rest. They cause chest pain and discomfort.

Prevention: Drugs, such as calcium channel blockers, can help treat spasms.

If untreated: Spasms can cut off blood flow, cause migraine headaches, and, if severe enough, cause a heart attack.

Remedies: Nitroglycerin tablets often can make spasms disappear.

Cutting edge: Minimally invasive diagnostic tools may help doctors find spasms and diagnose the condition.

by hearthealthyonline.com

Obese women are more likely to give birth to children with spina bifida, heart problems, cleft palate and a number of other defects, British researchers said on Tuesday.

The findings published in the Journal of the American Medical Association underscore obesity’s role as a major health problem and add to evidence that being too heavy while pregnant carries risks for both mother and child.

Katherine Stothard and colleagues from Britain’s Newcastle University combined data from 18 studies to look at the risk of abnormalities of babies whose mothers were obese or overweight.

Obese women were nearly twice as likely to have a baby with neural tube defects, which are caused by the incomplete development of the brain or spinal cord, the study found. For one such defect, spina bifida, the risk more than doubled.

The researchers also detected increased chances of heart defects, cleft lip and palate, water on the brain and problems in the growth of arms and legs.

There were hints the same may hold true for overweight women too but the data did not turn up enough evidence for the team to reach any firm conclusions.

Researchers stressed that because birth abnormalities affect only about two to four percent of pregnancies, the absolute risk for obese women remains low.

“Obesity increases the risk of many pregnancy complications, and this article further clarifies that obesity impacts the risk of birth defects, especially neural tube defects and congenital heart defects,” said Loralei Thornburg of the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, who was not involved in the study.

The World Health Organization classifies around 400 million people around the world as obese, including 20 million under the age of five, and the number is growing.

Obesity raises the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart problems and is a health concern piling pressure on already overburdened national health systems.

Recent research has tied weight to other problems during pregnancy. A team from the Rand Corp think tank in California reported in 2008 that women who get pregnant after weight-loss surgery tend to be healthier and less likely to deliver a baby born with complications compared to obese women.

Further study may show how obesity may cause these problems, Judith Rankin, a Newcastle University researcher who worked on the study, said in a telephone interview.